https://wikigence.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Lebanon 2026-04-15T15:31:48Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.8 https://wikigence.org/index.php?title=Lebanon&diff=816&oldid=prev 2025-08-30T01:47:32Z

<p>Created page with &quot;{{short description|Country in the Middle East}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Lebanese Republic | common_name = Lebanon | native_name = الجمهورية اللبنانية (Arabic)&lt;br/&gt;République libanaise (French) | image_flag = Flag of Lebanon.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = None | national_anthem = &quot;<a href="/index.php?title=Kulluna_lil-watan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulluna lil-watan (page does not exist)">Kulluna lil-watan</a>&quot; (&#039;&#039;All of us, for our Country!&#039;&#039;) | image_map = Lebanon (orthographic pr...&quot;</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Country in the Middle East}}<br /> {{Infobox country<br /> | conventional_long_name = Lebanese Republic<br /> | common_name = Lebanon<br /> | native_name = الجمهورية اللبنانية (Arabic)&lt;br/&gt;République libanaise (French)<br /> | image_flag = Flag of Lebanon.svg<br /> | image_coat = Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg<br /> | symbol_type = Emblem<br /> | national_motto = None<br /> | national_anthem = &quot;[[Kulluna lil-watan]]&quot; (&#039;&#039;All of us, for our Country!&#039;&#039;)<br /> | image_map = Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg<br /> | map_caption = Location of Lebanon (green)<br /> | capital = [[Beirut]]<br /> | largest_city = capital<br /> | official_languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]]&lt;br/&gt;Recognized: [[French language|French]]<br /> | demonym = Lebanese<br /> | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[parliamentary republic]]<br /> | president = [[Mikati government|Vacant]]<br /> | prime_minister = [[Najib Mikati]]<br /> | legislature = [[Parliament of Lebanon]]<br /> | area_km2 = 10,452<br /> | population_estimate = 5,400,000<br /> | population_estimate_year = 2023<br /> | currency = [[Lebanese pound]] (LBP)<br /> | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]<br /> | utc_offset = +2<br /> | utc_offset_DST = +3<br /> | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy<br /> | drives_on = right<br /> | calling_code = +961<br /> | iso3166code = LB<br /> | internet_tld = [[.lb]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Lebanon&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{lang-ar|لبنان}}, &#039;&#039;Lubnān&#039;&#039;; {{lang-fr|Liban}}), officially the &#039;&#039;&#039;Lebanese Republic&#039;&#039;&#039;, is a country in the [[Levant]] region of the [[Middle East]], bordered by [[Syria]] to the north and east and [[Israel]] to the south, with a coastline along the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the west. The capital and largest city is [[Beirut]]. <br /> <br /> With a population of about 5.4 million, Lebanon is notable for its cultural diversity, with 18 officially recognized religious sects. The country has been historically significant as part of ancient [[Phoenicia]], a major maritime and trading civilization.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The name &#039;&#039;Lebanon&#039;&#039; derives from the Semitic root &#039;&#039;lbn&#039;&#039; meaning &quot;white,&quot; a reference to the snow-capped peaks of [[Mount Lebanon]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===Ancient period===<br /> Lebanon was the center of [[Phoenicia]], an ancient maritime civilization known for seafaring, trade, and the creation of the [[Phoenician alphabet]], one of the world’s earliest scripts.<br /> <br /> ===Roman and Byzantine era===<br /> The region became part of the [[Roman Empire]] and later the [[Byzantine Empire]], noted for prosperous cities such as [[Baalbek]].<br /> <br /> ===Islamic and Ottoman rule===<br /> Following the Muslim conquests of the 7th century, Lebanon became part of successive Islamic caliphates. It later came under Ottoman rule from 1516 until the end of World War I.<br /> <br /> ===French mandate and independence===<br /> After the Ottoman defeat in 1918, Lebanon was placed under a French mandate by the [[League of Nations]]. Lebanon gained independence on 22 November 1943.<br /> <br /> ===Civil war and modern era===<br /> From 1975 to 1990, Lebanon experienced a devastating [[Lebanese Civil War]], involving multiple militias and foreign interventions. The post-war [[Taif Agreement]] reshaped the political system. Lebanon has since faced political instability, sectarian tensions, economic crises, and conflicts with Israel, most notably in 2006.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Lebanon covers 10,452 km² and features a narrow coastal plain, the Lebanon Mountains, and the fertile Bekaa Valley. Its highest peak is [[Qurnat as Sawda’]] (3,088 m). The country has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.<br /> <br /> ==Politics==<br /> Lebanon is a [[parliamentary republic]] with a confessional political system in which key offices are divided among religious groups: the president must be a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of parliament a Shia Muslim.<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> Historically known for banking and trade, Lebanon’s economy has faced severe challenges, particularly following the 2019 financial crisis, the 2020 [[Beirut explosion]], and ongoing political instability. Despite this, Lebanon remains known for agriculture (notably wine and olive oil), services, and tourism.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Lebanon is home to diverse religious and ethnic communities. Major groups include Maronite Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, Druze, and others. Arabic is the official language, while French and English are also widely spoken. <br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> Lebanon has a rich cultural heritage blending Arab, Mediterranean, and European influences. It is known for its literature, music, and cuisine, including dishes such as [[tabbouleh]], [[hummus]], and [[kibbeh]]. Beirut has historically been referred to as the “Paris of the Middle East.”<br /> <br /> ==Tourism==<br /> Tourism has long been important to Lebanon, with attractions such as the ancient ruins of [[Baalbek]], the coastal city of [[Byblos]], and the nightlife of Beirut. UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Lebanon include Byblos, Baalbek, and the [[Qadisha Valley]].<br /> <br /> ==Sports==<br /> Football is the most popular sport in Lebanon. The national team competes in Asian competitions. Basketball is also widely followed, with Lebanese clubs achieving success in regional tournaments.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[History of Lebanon]]<br /> * [[Culture of Lebanon]]<br /> * [[Lebanese Civil War]]<br /> * [[Geography of Lebanon]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.lebanon.gov.lb Official Government of Lebanon] <br /> * [https://www.visit-lebanon.org Official Tourism Portal of Lebanon]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lebanon| ]]<br /> [[Category:Countries in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Countries in the Middle East]]<br /> [[Category:Levant]]<br /> [[Category:Mediterranean countries]]<br /> [[Category:Member states of the Arab League]]</div>

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